We currently use a number of sources when training in unarmed combat, including the oldest forms of boxing and kicking, known in Scots as 'Neffiels' and 'Possing'. There are also old Highland Game 'feats' such as An Rachd a basic drill using a short stick to improve grip and also several traditional wrestling styles.

We delve into a wealth of material including older forms of Highland dance, contemporary accounts of training, stories of actual combat experiences and Scots & Gaelic language and folklore.

Research into unarmed combat used in Highland & Lowland Scotland require some degree of speculation but our research attempts to validate and/or combine many known techniques with those found in European treatises, and the art of pugilism.